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سوالات و گرامر زبان انگليسي
ويژه دانش آموزان و علاقمندان به فراگيري زبان انگليسي

افعــال دو كلمه اي

در انگليسي گاهي بعضي از افعال با يك يا چند حرف اضافه تركيب شده و افعال جديدي را بوجود مـي آورند .

         

نگاه كردن

look

چرخيدن

turn 

مراقب بودن

look after

روشن كردن  

turn on       

جستجو كردن

look for

خاموش كردن     

turn off

چشم براه بودن

look forward

زياد كردن

turn up 

            

 

همانگونه كه بيان شد افعال دو كلمه اي از يك فعل اصلي و يك يا چند حرف اضافه تشــكيل مي شوند كه  به دو دسته ي افعال دو كلمه اي جداشدني و افعال دو كلمه اي جدانشدني تقسيم مــــــــي شوند.

 

افعـال دو كلمه اي جدا شدني

چنانچه افعال دو كلمه اي شرايط زير را داشته باشند ، مي توان آنها را از يكديگر جدا كرد .

الف) متعدي باشند يعني بعد از آنها مفعول بكار رفته باشد .

put on ( لباس پوشيدن ) - turn down ( خاموش كردن) _ call up ( تلفن زدن )

ب) حرف اضافه ي آنها يكي از حروف اضافه ي over-back-down-up-out-in-off-on باشد .

تذكر: در اينگونه از افعـال دو كلمه اي چنانچه مفعول بصورت اسم باشد آنرا مي توان هم پس از حرف اضافه وهم قبل از حرف اضافه بكـار برد ولي اگر مفعول بشكل ضمير مفعولي باشد ، حتماً مي بايست آنرا قبل از حرف اضافه بكار برد .

He is putting on his shoes.

He is putting his shoes on.

He is putting them on.

 

افعـال دو كلمه اي جدانشدني

الف )چنانچه افعال دو كلمه اي لازم باشند كه در اين صورت بعد از آنها مفعول بكار نمي رود .

get up ( بيدار شدن) come back ( برگشتن ) -

 ب ) يا اينكه حرف اضافه ي متعاقب فعـل ، غير از حروف اضافه ي  فوق باشد كه در اينصورت فعل و حرف اضافه ي آن بهيچ وجه جدا نمي شوند و در اين حـالت مفعول چه بشكل اسم و چه بشكل ضمير بعد از حرف اضافه قرار مي گيرد .

He is looking for his son.

He is looking for him.

گزينه ي درست را انتخاب كنيد.

1.He puts ……………. His best coat to go to a dinner party.

a.in                               b.by                             c.on                          d.off

 

2.I want to …………… now.

a.turn it on                    b.turn on it                  c.turn the radio on    d.b and c

 

3.Your shoes are dirty.Please …………… them …………… .

a.put-on                        b.turn-of                      c.take-off                  d.pick-up

 

4.Have you given back the book?Yes , I have …………… .

a.given it back          b.given back it         c.given the book back       d.all

 

5.Is he looking for his son? Yes , he is …………….. .

a.looking for him      b.looking him for    c.looking his son for            d.all

 

+ نوشته شده در  شنبه بیست و ششم آذر 1384ساعت 8:35  توسط Mohammad Davari  | 

عبارت اسمي Noun Clause

يك عبارت اسمي مجموعه اي از كلمات است كه بجاي يك اسم در جمله بكار مي رود .يك عبارت اسمي با كلماتي نظيرwho – whom – what – where – when – whose – why  و ...... آغاز مي شود كه به آنها كلمات ربط

 ( قيود ربط ) گفته مي شود .

 

I don't know

  where     Bob     went     last night.

 

بقيه جمله    +   فعل  +    فاعل +  كلمه ربط

 

 

عبارات اسمي مي توانند در نقش فاعل يا مفعول جمله بكار روند .

 

به جاي مفعول

به جاي فاعل

I don't know the answer.

I don't know what the answer is .

His house is beautiful.

Where he lives is beautiful.

 

I know him.

I know whom he is.

Her speech was very good.

What she said was very good.

 

 

چنانچه در مثالهاي بالا دقت شود ترتيب قرار گرفتن كلمات در عبارات اسمي همانند جملات مثبت خبري است يعني بعد از كلمات ربط ابتدا فاعل و سپس فعل بكار مي رود .

تذكر  : در پاره اي موارد كلمات ربط بجاي فاعل قرار مي گيرند كه در اين صورت بعد از آنها فعل بكار مي رود .

I know Ali borrowed my book.

I know who borrowed my book .

 

يادآوري  : فقط سه كلمه ربط who – what  و which و نيز مشتقات آنها مي توانند چنين حالتي داشته باشند يعني بجاي فاعل بكار روند .

 

تذكر: تفاوت who و whom در اين است كه who حالت فاعلي دارد يعني جايگزين فاعل مي شود بنابراين بعد از آن فعل بكار ميرود در صورتيكه whom حالت مفعولي دارد و بجاي مفعول مي نشيند و بعد از آن فاعل بكار ميرود .

I know who saw you .                            من مي شناسم كسي كه شما را ديد .                                               

I know whom you saw.من مي شناسم كسي را كه شما ديديد .                                                                    

 

 يادآوري : در انگليسي محاوره اي مي توان بجاي whom از who استفاده كرد . ولي در انگليسي رسمي به همان صورتي كه در بالا بيان شد بكار مي روند.

She knows who(m) they met.

يادآوري : در سال اول دبيرستان با عباراتي آشنا شديد كه با كلمه ي that شروع مي شدند كه مي توان آنها را با كلمات ربط تغيير داد .

_ I know that Ali is a good student .            I know who is a student.

_ I know that they are going to school.       I know where they are going

 

Good Luck_M.Davari

 

+ نوشته شده در  دوشنبه چهاردهم آذر 1384ساعت 7:51  توسط Mohammad Davari  | 

مــــاضي بعيـد ( گذشته ي كامل )

ماضي بعيد به عملي اشاره مي كند كه در گذشته قبل از عمل ديگري انجام شده باشد .

                             بقيه ي جمله + اسم مفعول + had + فاعل = ماضي بعيد

 

تذكر : ماضي بعيد بندرت به تنهايي بكار مي رود و اغلب بوسيله ي كلمات ربط نظير before -after

         because when و با گذشته ي ساده طبق الگوي زير همراه است .

 

                                             

گذشته ي ساده + before + ماضي بعید

گذشته ي ساده + when +  ماضي بعيد

ماضي بعيد + because + گذشته ي ساده

ماضي بعيد + after + گذشته ي ساده

 

- Ali had eaten a sandwich  before he went to bed .

- I had finished my work when you came .

- She was tired because he had walked for 5 hours .

- They ate lunch after she had left home .

 

 يادآوري : مي توان الگوهاي فوق را بشـكل الگوي زير تغيير داد كه در اين حـالت دو جمله بوسـيله يك كاما از يكديگر جدا مي شوند .

              

ماضي بعيد + , + گذشته ي ساده +   Before

- Before Ali went to bed , he had eaten a sandwich .

 

زير گزينه ي درست خط بكشيد .

1.He …………… early because he had finished his work.

a.leave                    b.leaves                      c.left                        d.leaving

2.John had learned Persion before he …………….to Iran.

a.come                    b.coming                    c.comes                   d.came

3.I had …………… English .

a.practice                b.practiced                 c.practicing             d.practices

4.They …………….. there before you met him.

a.live                       b.had lived                 c.lived                     d.have lived

5…………… she cleaned the room before they arrived?

a.Had                      b.Does                        c.has                       d.Did

6.You answered the questions because you …………… very hard.

a.studied                 b.have studied            c.study                    d.had studied

 

شكل صحيح افعال داخل پرانتز را در نقطه چين بنويسيد .

1.They……………….. ( eat ) their dinner before you came.

2.He was tired because he ………………… ( work ) on the farm.

3.I had done my homework before you ………………… ( telephone ) me.

4.You had …………….. ( buy ) the tickets.

 

Good Luck_M.Davari 

  

+ نوشته شده در  چهارشنبه نهم آذر 1384ساعت 15:30  توسط Mohammad Davari  | 

Homonyms are words that sound alike or almost alike but have different spelling and different meaning

 

1. ate – eight     [eɪt]

Bruce ate carrots for lunch.

There were eight girls here for the meeting.

 

2. bare – bear     [beə]

The table was bare.

Mr. Thompson shot a bear.

 

3. beach – beech      [biːtʃ]

We played on the beach before we went swimming.

We had our picnic under the beech tree.

 

4. be – bee      [biː]

Can you be home by two o’clock?

The bee stung Robert’s finger.

 

5. blew – blue      [bluː]

The wind blew the door open.

The color of the sky is blue.

 

6. buy – by      [baɪ]

Did you buy milk at the store?

We walked slowly by the bakery.

 

7. cent – sent – scent      [sent]

I spent my last cent for a new book.

Mom sent Jack to the store. Do you like the scent of roses?

 

8. dear – deer     [dɪə]

I wrote to one of my dear friends.

A baby deer is called a fawn.

 

9. fair – fare      [fer /feə]

It was a fair day when Jim started his trip.

Jim paid his own fare on the train.

 

10. grate – great      [greɪt]  

The grate in the stove is broken.

Mary looked at the spire on the great church.

 

11. hare – hair      [her /heə]  

The hare hopped into the forest.

John stood in front of the mirror to comb his hair.

 

12. hear – here        [hɪr /hɪə]  

Did you  hear the canary singing?

Your book is here on the table.

 

13. heard – herd       [hɜrd /hɜːd]  

I heard the chatter of a squirrel.

There is a herd of buffalo in this park.

 

14. hole – whole         [həʊl] 

I have a hole in my pocket.

The whole family went to the fair.

 

15. its – it’s        [ɪts]

The snake shed its skin.

It’s raining while the sun is shining.

 

16. knew – new        [nuː /njuː]

I knew how to work the math problem.

Jane bought a new book yesterday.

 

17. knot – not       [nɑt /nɒt]   

I tied a knot in my rope.

I’m not going to the show today.

 

18. know – no       [nəʊ]   

Does anyone know where the pencils are?

There are no pencils in the box.

 

19. one – won       [wʌn]  

Jack and Sue played one game of chess.

Who won the game?

 

20. sea – see      [sɪː] 

Have you ever been for a sail on the sea?

I can see the snow – covered mountain.

 

21. some – sum      [sʌm]  

There are some visitors in our class.

The sum is found by adding numbers.

 

22. son – sun        [sʌn] 

Mr. Rogers bought his son a new shirt.

The sun is shining brightly today.

 

23. stair – stare     [ster /steə]  

A board in the stair is broken.

Don’t sit and stare into space!

 

24. tail – tale      [teɪl] 

Lou’s dog has a short, stubby tail.

I read a tale about American Indians.

 

25. their – there     [ðer /ðə /ðeə(r) ]

Their house is made of lumber.

Our house is there on the corner.

 

26. threw – through      [θruː /θrəʊ ]

Alice threw the basketball.

Did the ball go through the hoop?

 

27. to – too – two       [tuː]

Joe went to the library.

He brought home too many books.

John went to the library, too.

John brought two books home.

 

28. weak – week      [wɪːk]   

You often feel weak after an illness.

Betty has been sick for a week.

 

29. who’s – whose          [huːz]

Who’s going to the library?

Whose book is this?

 

30. your – you’re           [jɔr ,jʊr /jɔː ,jʊə]  

Don’t forget your book.

You’re going to the library, aren’t you?

Good Luck_M.Davari 

+ نوشته شده در  شنبه پنجم آذر 1384ساعت 7:10  توسط Mohammad Davari  |